Now, in theJournal of Applied Physics, researchers at Arizona State University have created a material that may be able to not only sense damage instructural materials, such as cracking in a fiber-reinforced composite, but to even heal it. The aim of developing"autonomous adaptive structures"is to mimic the ability of biological systems such as bone to sense the presence of damage, halt its progression, and regenerate itself.
The novel autonomous material developed by Henry Sodano and colleagues uses"shape-memory"polymers with an embedded fiber-optic network that functions as both the damage detection sensor and thermal stimulus delivery system to produce a response that mimics the advanced sensory and healing traits shown inbiological systems. Aninfrared lasertransmits light through the fiber-optic system to locally heat the material, stimulating the toughening and healing mechanisms.
The material system is capable of increasing the toughness of a specimen by 11 times. After toughening the specimen, the crack can be closed using the shape-memory effect to recover an unprecedented 96 percent of the object's original strength. In fact, after the crack is closed, the new material is nearly five times as tough as the original specimen, even though it has been strained past its original failure strain point by a factor of four.
The material andhealing processcan be applied while the structure is in operation, which has not been possible with existing healing techniques.
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